Effect of Ethanol Extract of Anting-Anting Herb (Acalypha indica) on GLUT 2 Expression in the Pancreas of Diabetics Rats / Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Herba Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica) terhadap Ekspresi GLUT 2 pada Pankreas Tikus Diabetes

Background: Anting-anting herb (Acalypha indica L.) has been traditionally known for its antidiabetic properties. Its mechanism of action is presumed to involve the regeneration of damaged pancreatic β-cells; however, its effect on the expression of GLUT-2, a key glucose transporter in insulin secretion, remains to be further investigated. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of ethanol extract of Anting-anting herb on GLUT-2 protein expression in pancreatic β-cells of Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide–induced diabetic rats. Methods: This laboratory experimental study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus), randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control (diabetes + 1% CMC), positive control (diabetes + glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW), treatment 1 (diabetes + extract 100 mg/kg BW), and treatment 2 (diabetes + extract 200 mg/kg BW). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally with Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg BW) and Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg BW). The treatments were administered orally for 14 days. GLUT-2 expression in pancreatic tissue was quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry, and protein density was measured with ImageJ software. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The group treated with 200 mg/kg BW extract showed a significant increase in GLUT-2 protein density (11,608,400 molecules/µm²) compared with the negative control group (5,074,533 molecules/µm²) (p < 0.05). This value was even higher than that of the positive control (glibenclamide), which showed a density of 10,626,864 molecules/µm². Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract of Anting-anting herb at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW significantly increased GLUT-2 expression in pancreatic β-cells of diabetic rats. This enhancement is strongly presumed to contribute to the antidiabetic mechanism of Anting-anting herb.

Latar Belakang: Herba anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) dikenal dalam pengobatan tradisional memiliki khasiat antidiabetes. Mekanisme kerjanya diduga melalui regenerasi sel β pankreas yang rusak, namun pengaruhnya terhadap ekspresi GLUT-2, transporter glukosa penting dalam sekresi insulin, masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol herba anting-anting terhadap ekspresi protein GLUT-2 pada sel β pankreas tikus model diabetes yang diinduksi Streptozotocin-Nikotinamid. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris ini menggunakan 25 tikus jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi secara acak lengkap menjadi 5 kelompok: kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (diabetes + CMC 1%), kontrol positif (diabetes + glibenklamid 0,45 mg/kgBB), perlakuan 1 (diabetes + ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), dan perlakuan 2 (diabetes + ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB). Diabetes diinduksi dengan Streptozotocin (50 mg/kgBB) dan Nikotinamid (110 mg/kgBB) intraperitoneal. Terapi diberikan selama 14 hari secara oral. Ekspresi GLUT-2 pada jaringan pankreas dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode imunohistokimia dan diukur densitas proteinnya dengan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Data dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Hasil: Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Kelompok yang diberi ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB menunjukkan peningkatan densitas protein GLUT-2 yang signifikan (11.608.400 molekul/µm²) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (5.074.533 molekul/µm²) (p < 0,05). Nilai ini bahkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif (glibenklamid) yang memiliki densitas 10.626.864 molekul/µm². Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol herba anting-anting dosis 200 mg/kgBB terbukti signifikan dalam meningkatkan ekspresi GLUT-2 pada sel β pankreas tikus diabetes. Peningkatan ini diduga kuat berkontribusi pada mekanisme antidiabetes dari herba anting-anting.