Antibacterial activity test of n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate of bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) on bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis / Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-heksana dan etil asetat daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) is a wild plant that is easy to find in Indonesia, known to have medicinal properties and has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of bandotan leaves (Ageratum Conyzoides L) against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.This research was conducted using an experimental method including sample collection, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, simplicia manufacture, characteristic examination, phytochemical screening, preparation of ethanol extract, then fractionation, then testing of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria using the agar diffusion method. Data obtained from the diameter of inhibition were statistically analyzed using the Anova test, then followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Ducan test. The results of macroscopic examination, with dark color, egg-shaped, two pointed, obtuse leaf base, serrated leaf margins, hairy veins on the upper and lower surfaces, slightly hairy young leaves, white hair color and pinnate veins. The results of microscopic examination, xylem, covering hair, mesophyll and anomocytic type of stomata. The simplicia characteristic results obtained water content of 7.3%, water-soluble essence content of 32.72%, 42.5% ethanol-soluble extract content, total ash content of 3 .3% and acid insoluble ash content of 1.8%. Phytochemical screening of simplicia powders and extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the n-hexan fraction on Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteria at concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% were included in the resistant category. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 10%, 30% and 50% is in the resistant category, at a concentration of 70% it is in the intermediate category. So it can be concluded that the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyziodes L) have activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria..

Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) merupakan tanaman liar yang mudah ditemukan di Indonesia, dikenal memiliki khasiat obat dan bersifat antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat daun bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan meliputi pengumpulan sampel, pemeriksaaan makroskopis, pemeriksaan mikroskopis, pembuatan simplisia, pemeriksaan karakteristik, skrining fitokima, pembuatan ekstrak etanol, kemudian difraksinasi, selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan metode difusi disk. Data yang diperoleh dari diameter  daya hambat dianalisis secara statistic menggunakan uji Anova, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji Ducan. Hasil pemeriksaan  makroskopik, dengan warna hijau tua, berbentuk bundar telur, duan runcing, pangkal daun tumpul, pinggir daun bergerigi, tulang daun pada permukaan atas dan bawah berambut, warna rambut putih dan tulang daun menyirip. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik terdapat pada daun melintang yaitu kolenkim, epidermis atas dan sel sekresi , pada serbuk yaitu rambut penutup, mesofil dan Stomata tipe anomositik. Hasil karakteristik simplisia diperoleh kadar air 7,3%, kadar sari larut dalam air 32,72%, kadar sari larut dalam  etanol 42,5%, kadar abu total 3,3% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,8%. Skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak menunjukkan adanya kandungan  alkaloid, glikosida, flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan steroid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-heksan  pada bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis pada  konsentrasi 10%, 30%, 50% dan 70% termasuk kategori resistant. Sedangkan fraksi Etil asetat konsentrasi 10%,30% dan 50% adalah kategori resistant, pada konsentarsi 70% termasuk kategori Intermediate. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat daun bandotan (Ageratum conyziodes L) memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis.