Diuretic activity test of red betel leaf ethanol extract (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) against male white rats (Rattus novergicus) / Uji aktivitas diuretik ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus)

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of hypertension in the world reached over 1.13 billion people in 2015, implying that one out of every three persons was diagnosed with hypertension. Flavonoids found in red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) serve as antifungals, diuretics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, insecticides, bactericidal, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitors. The study aimed to find the best dose of red betel leaves extract as a diuretic in male white rats. The study was experimental laboratory. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids are among the phytochemicals tested. A total of 25 male white rats were separated into five groups. Red betel leaves extract was administered to groups 1, 2, and 3 at dosages of 250mg/kg, 350 mg/kg, and 650mg/kg, respectively. Group 4 received a 0.5% Na CMC suspension as a negative control, while Group 5 received a furosemide suspension as a positive control. The average urine volume at 1-6 hours and the buildup of urine were used to calculate the rat urine volume. The results showed the accumulation of urine volume for 6 hours. The treatment group of red betel leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 250mg/kgBW obtained 0.57mL, a dose of 350mg/kgBW obtained 2.38mL, and a dose of 650mg/kgBW obtained 4.29mL, negative control (CMC 0.5%) obtained 0.2mL, positive control obtained 27.52mL. The study concluded that red betel leaves extract has diuretic action and that the ethanol extract of red betel leaves at a dosage of 650 mg/kgBW is the most effective dose.

Pendahuluan: World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi di dunia mencapai sekitar 1,13 miliar individu, artinya 1 dari 3 orang di dunia terdiagnosis hipertensi. Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) mengandung flavonoid yang bermanfaat sebagai antifungi, diuretik, antihistamin, antihipertensi, insektisida, bakterisida, antivirus, dan menghambat kerja enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis optimal ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) paling efektif sebagai diuretik pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorium. Skrining fitokimia meliputi senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid. Sampel sebanyak 25 ekor tikus putih jantan, dibagi 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1, 2 dan 3 diberi ekstrak etanol dau sirih merah dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB, 350 mg/kgBB dan 650 mg/kg BB. Kelompok 4 sebagai kontrol negatif diberi suspensi Na CMC 0,5%, kelompok 5 sebagai kontrol positif diberi suspensi furosemide. Dilakukan pengukuran volume urin tikus dengan mengukur volume urin rata-rata pada jam ke- 1-6 dan mengukur akumulasi urin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan akumulasi volume urin selama 6 jam dapat dilihat bahwa kelompok perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah dosis 250mg/kgBB diperoleh sebanyak 0,57 mL, dosis 350mg/kgBB diperoleh sebanyak 2,38 mL, dan dosis 650mg/kgBB diperoleh sebanyak 4,29 mL, kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5% ) diperoleh sebanyak 0,2 mL, kontrol positif diperoleh sebanyak 27,52 mL. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah  memiliki aktivitas diuretik dan ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah dengan dosis 650 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis paling optimal.