Antifungal activity of hydrogel derived from Amusium pleuronectes (Windowpane Shell) chitosan against Malassezia furfur / Aktivitas antijamur hidrogel dari kitosancangkang kerang simping (Amusium Pleuronectes) terhadap Malassezia Furfur

Amusium pleuronectes shell waste was investigated as a source of chitosan for a topical hydrogel with activity against Malassezia furfur. Chitosan was isolated by deproteinization, demineralization, depigmentation, and alkaline deacetylation, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and incorporated into hydrogels at nominal concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, with a chitosan-free base as control. Physical properties were assessed over 21 days, and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar-well diffusion. The recovered material represented 24.30% of the initial shell mass, and its estimated degree of deacetylation was approximately 77%. All formulations retained their appearance without visible phase separation. Across formulations and observation times, pH ranged from 4.55 to 6.09, spread diameter from 5.1 to 5.8 cm, adhesion from 1.11 to 1.61 s, and apparent viscosity from 31,310 to 38,180 cP; pH, adhesion, and viscosity declined during storage. Mean inhibition zones were 11.57 ± 0.21, 13.33 ± 0.15, and 15.00 ± 0.10 mm for the 2%, 4%, and 6% formulations, respectively (three readings each). The base produced no inhibition halo, whereas the reported ketoconazole comparator value was 21.3 mm. The 6% formulation showed the greatest in vitro inhibition among the chitosan hydrogels, while the changes in physical properties indicate a need for further formulation optimization.

Limbah cangkang Amusium pleuronectes dikaji sebagai sumber kitosan untuk sediaan hidrogel topikal dengan aktivitas terhadap Malassezia furfur. Kitosan diisolasi melalui deproteinasi, demineralisasi, depigmentasi, dan deasetilasi alkalis, dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier, kemudian diformulasikan menjadi hidrogel dengan konsentrasi nominal 2%, 4%, dan 6%, disertai basis tanpa kitosan sebagai kontrol. Sifat fisik dievaluasi selama 21 hari, sedangkan aktivitas antijamur diuji menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Rendemen bahan hasil isolasi sebesar 24,30% terhadap massa cangkang awal, dengan estimasi derajat deasetilasi sekitar 77%. Seluruh formula mempertahankan penampilannya tanpa pemisahan fase yang terlihat. Pada seluruh formula dan waktu pengamatan, pH berkisar 4,55–6,09, diameter daya sebar 5,1–5,8 cm, daya lekat 1,11–1,61 detik, dan viskositas tampak 31.310–38.180 cP; pH, daya lekat, serta viskositas menurun selama penyimpanan. Rata-rata zona hambat hidrogel 2%, 4%, dan 6% berturut-turut sebesar 11,57 ± 0,21; 13,33 ± 0,15; dan 15,00 ± 0,10 mm, masing-masing berdasarkan tiga pembacaan. Basis tidak menghasilkan zona hambat, sedangkan nilai pembanding ketokonazol sebesar 21,3 mm. Formula 6% menunjukkan penghambatan in vitro terbesar di antara hidrogel kitosan yang diuji, sementara perubahan sifat fisik menunjukkan perlunya optimalisasi formulasi lebih lanjut.