In vitro release profile of Syzygium cumini leaf ethanolic extract nanoemulsion / I Profil pelepasan nanoemulsi ekstrak etanol daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) secara in vitro

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves are a source of flavonoid-rich bioactive compounds with potential for nano-based delivery. This study formulated an oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing ethanolic jamblang leaf extract, characterized its physicochemical properties, and evaluated the in vitro release profile and kinetics of quercetin as a marker compound. The extract was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol and incorporated into a nanoemulsion containing virgin coconut oil, Tween 80, Span 80, propylene glycol, and water. Organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were evaluated. Quercetin release was assessed using a dialysis-membrane method in pH 4.5 buffer and quantified by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Release data were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The nanoemulsion had a pH of 4.34 ± 0.09, viscosity of 137.3 ± 1.10 mPa·s, mean droplet size of 88.46 ± 3.46 nm, PDI of 0.05, and zeta potential of +1.027 ± 0.65 mV. Cumulative quercetin release reached 99.56% at 90 min. Among models fitted to the complete release curve, the first-order model provided the best fit (R² = 0.9776; k = 0.0589 min⁻¹). These findings indicate a nanoscale, narrowly distributed system with rapid quercetin release under the selected acidic test condition; extrapolation to other physiological pH conditions requires further study.

Daun jamblang (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) mengandung senyawa bioaktif, terutama flavonoid, yang berpotensi dikembangkan dalam sistem penghantaran berbasis nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan nanoemulsi ekstrak etanol daun jamblang, mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimianya, serta menentukan profil dan kinetika pelepasan kuersetin sebagai senyawa penanda secara in vitro. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui maserasi dengan etanol 70% dan diformulasikan sebagai nanoemulsi minyak-dalam-air menggunakan virgin coconut oil, Tween 80, Span 80, propilen glikol, dan air. Karakterisasi meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, ukuran droplet, indeks polidispersitas (PDI), dan potensial zeta. Pelepasan kuersetin diuji menggunakan membran dialisis dalam medium buffer pH 4,5 dan dikuantifikasi dengan spektrofotometri UV–Vis. Data pelepasan dianalisis menggunakan model orde nol, orde satu, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, dan Korsmeyer–Peppas. Nanoemulsi memiliki pH 4,34 ± 0,09, viskositas 137,3 ± 1,10 mPa·s, ukuran droplet 88,46 ± 3,46 nm, PDI 0,05, dan potensial zeta +1,027 ± 0,65 mV. Pelepasan kumulatif kuersetin mencapai 99,56% pada menit ke-90. Di antara model yang diterapkan pada keseluruhan kurva pelepasan, model orde satu memberikan kesesuaian terbaik (R² = 0,9776; k = 0,0589 menit⁻¹). Hasil ini menunjukkan sistem berukuran nano dengan distribusi droplet sempit dan pelepasan kuersetin yang cepat pada kondisi uji pH 4,5; generalisasi ke kondisi pH fisiologis lain masih memerlukan pengujian lebih lanjut.