Topical Application of Red Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis) as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Gingivitis: Effects on Clinical Indices and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 : A Double blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Study / Aplikasi Topikal Red Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis) Sebagai Adjuvan Scaling Root-Planing pada Gingivitis: Pengaruh terhadap Parameter Klinis dan Kadar Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Saliva : Sebuah Uji Klinis Acak Terkontrol Tersamar Ganda

Background: Gingivitis is an inflammatory condition of the gingiva caused by dental plaque accumulation. Scaling root-planing (SRP) is the gold standard therapy for gingivitis; however, its long-term effectiveness may be limited due to bacterial recolonization and plaque re-accumulation after treatment. Red Palm Oil (RPO) (Elaeis guineensis) contains bioactive compounds with potential as an adjunctive therapy following SRP. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of topical RPO application as an adjunctive therapy after SRP on changes in clinical parameters and salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in gingivitis patients. Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 40 gingivitis patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group (n=20), receiving SRP with placebo application, and the RPO group (n=20), receiving SRP followed by topical RPO application. The evaluated parameters included Gingival Index (GI), Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), and salivary MMP-8 levels. Statistical analyses were performed using parametric and nonparametric tests according to data distribution. Results: Significant differences in GI and OHI-S changes were observed between the control and RPO groups (p<0.05), with a greater reduction in clinical parameter scores in the RPO group. Analysis of salivary MMP-8 levels showed a decrease after intervention in both groups; however, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Topical application of Red Palm Oil as an adjunctive therapy after SRP has the potential to improve clinical periodontal parameters in gingivitis patients. However, the additional effect of RPO on changes in salivary MMP-8 levels has not demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared with SRP alone.

Latar Belakang: Gingivitis merupakan peradangan pada gingiva akibat akumulasi plak. Scaling root-planing (SRP) merupakan terapi golden standard gingivitis, namun kurang pengaruh jangka panjang akibat rekolonisasi bakteri dan akumulasi plak setelah terapi. Red Palm Oil (RPO) (Elaeis guineensis) mengandung komponen bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai terapi adjuvan pasca SRP. Tujuan: Penelitian ini ujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi topikal RPO sebagai terapi tambahan pasca SRP terhadap perubahan parameter klinis serta kadar MMP-8 saliva pada pasien gingivitis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized controlled trial. Sebanyak 40 pasien gingivitis dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (n=20) yang diberikan terapi SRP serta plasebo dan kelompok RPO (n=20)  yang diberikan terapi SRP dan aplikasi topikal RPO. Parameter yang dinilai adalah Gingival Index (GI), Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), kadar MMP-8 saliva. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji parametrik dan nonparametrik sesuai distribusi data. Hasil: Terdapat perubahan skor GI dan OHI-S yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dan RPO (p<0,05), dengan delta penurunan lebih besar pada kelompok RPO (p<0,05). Analisis kadar MMP-8 saliva menunjukkan adanya penurunan setelah intervensi pada kedua kelompok, namun tidak signifikan secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Aplikasi topikal Red Palm Oil sebagai terapi adjuvan pasca SRP berpotensi meningkatkan perbaikan kondisi klinis gingiva pada pasien gingivitis. Pengaruh tambahan RPO terhadap perubahan kadar MMP-8 saliva belum menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan.