The Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Flavonoid and Alkaloid Content of Red Fruit Stalk (Pandanus conoideus L.) / Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Total Flavonoid dan Alkaloid Bonggol Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus L.)

Background: Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) is an endemic plant of Papua that has been traditionally used to treat various diseases. Its biological activities are associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids and alkaloids. Objective: This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites and evaluate the effect of different extraction methods on the total flavonoid and alkaloid contents of ethanolic extracts of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) stem core. Methods: Extraction was performed using three different methods, namely maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction with ethanol as the solvent. Secondary metabolites were identified qualitatively, while total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins in the ethanolic extract of red fruit stem core. The total flavonoid contents obtained by maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction were 218.966 mgQE/g (21.89%), 104.023 mgQE/g (10.40%), and 247.701 mgQE/g (24.77%), respectively. The total alkaloid contents obtained by maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction were 145.770 mgAE/g (14.58%), 65.767 mgAE/g (6.58%), and 76.433 mgAE/g (7.64%), respectively. Conclusion: The extraction method affected the total flavonoid and alkaloid contents obtained from the sample. Reflux extraction produced the highest total flavonoid content (247.701 mgQE/g), whereas maceration produced the highest total alkaloid content (145.770 mgAE/g). Therefore, reflux was the most effective method for flavonoid extraction, while maceration was the most effective method for alkaloid extraction from the stem core of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.).

Latar Belakang: Buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L.) merupakan tanaman endemik Papua yang telah dimanfaatkan secara tradisional untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Aktivitas biologis buah merah diduga berkaitan dengan kandungan metabolit sekundernya, terutama flavonoid dan alkaloid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder serta membandingkan pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap kadar total flavonoid dan alkaloid dalam ekstrak etanol bonggol buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L.). Metode: Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan tiga metode, yaitu maserasi, soxhletasi, dan refluks dengan pelarut etanol. Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dilakukan secara kualitatif, sedangkan kadar total flavonoid dan alkaloid ditentukan secara spektrofotometri. Hasil: Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bonggol buah merah mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, dan tanin. Kadar total flavonoid yang diperoleh pada metode maserasi, soxhletasi, dan refluks berturut-turut sebesar 218.966 mgQE/g (21.89%), 104.023 mgQE/g (10.40%), dan 247.701 mgQE/g (24.77%). Kadar total alkaloid yang diperoleh pada metode maserasi, soxhletasi, dan refluks berturut-turut sebesar 145.770 mgAE/g (14.58%), 65.767 mgAE/g (6.58%), dan 76.433 mgAE/g (7.64%). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan metode ekstraksi memengaruhi kadar total flavonoid dan alkaloid yang diperoleh. Metode refluks menghasilkan kadar total flavonoid tertinggi sebesar 247.701 mgQE/g, sedangkan metode maserasi menghasilkan kadar total alkaloid tertinggi sebesar 145.770 mgAE/g. Dengan demikian, refluks merupakan metode paling efektif untuk ekstraksi flavonoid, sedangkan maserasi merupakan metode paling efektif untuk ekstraksi alkaloid dari bonggol buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L.).