The Association between Serum S100B Protein Levels and Hemorrhage Volume and Clinical Severity in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage / Hubungan Kadar Protein S100B Serum dengan Volume Perdarahan dan Tingkat Keparahan Pasien Perdarahan Intraserebral Spontan

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is a hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and morbidity rates. Hemorrhage volume and the degree of neurological severity are important factors influencing prognosis. Brain tissue damage due to hemorrhage triggers the release of biomarkers such as S100B protein, which is secreted by astrocytes. This study aims to determine the relationship between serum S100B protein levels and the volume of bleeding and severity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 patients with primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage aged ≥18 years with onset within 0–24 hours, admitted to Dr. M. Djamil Padang General Hospital between August 2025 and February 2026 and confirmed by head CT scan. Serum S100B protein levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemorrhage volume was assessed using the Broderick method, and severity was assessed using the NIHSS score. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A total of 30 patients (63.8%) had a bleeding volume <30 cc and 27 patients (57.4%) had moderate neurological deficits. The median serum S100B protein level was 0.049 µg/L. There was a significant median difference between serum S100B protein levels and hemorrhage volume (p=0.047), but not with clinical severity based on the NIHSS (p=0.173). Serum S100B protein levels differed significantly between the small and large hemorrhage volume groups, but not across clinical severity groups based on the NIHSS.

Perdarahan intraserebral spontan merupakan stroke hemoragik dengan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Volume perdarahan dan derajat keparahan neurologis merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi prognosis. Kerusakan jaringan otak akibat perdarahan memicu pelepasan biomarker seperti protein S100B yang disekresikan oleh astrosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kadar protein S100B serum dengan volume perdarahan dan tingkat keparahan pasien perdarahan intraserebral spontan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada pasien perdarahan intraserebral spontan primer berusia ≥18 tahun dengan onset 0–24 jam yang dirawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Agustus 2025–Februari 2026 dan terkonfirmasi melalui CT scan kepala. Kadar protein S100B serum diperiksa dengan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), volume perdarahan dinilai dengan metode Broderick, dan tingkat keparahan dinilai menggunakan skor NIHSS. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis. Sebanyak 30 pasien (63,8%) memiliki volume perdarahan <30 cc dan 27 pasien (57,4%) mengalami defisit neurologis sedang. Median kadar protein S100B serum adalah 0,049 µg/L. Terdapat perbedaan median yang bermakna antara kadar protein S100B serum dengan volume perdarahan (p=0,047), namun tidak dengan tingkat keparahan klinis berdasarkan NIHSS (p=0,173). Terdapat perbedaan kadar protein S100B serum yang bermakna antara kelompok volume perdarahan kecil dan besar, namun tidak antartingkat keparahan klinis berdasarkan NIHSS.