Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Leaves / Potensi Antioksidan dan Inhibitor α-Glukosidase dari Isolat Bakteri Endofit Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence and risk of serious complications. Inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme is a strategy to control blood glucose levels. Endophytic bacteria from fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) have the potential to produce bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, which possess antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Objective: This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from fragrant pandan leaves and evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the culture supernatant of these endophytic bacterial isolates as natural antidiabetic candidates. Methods: The research included characterization of endophytic bacterial isolates, antioxidant assay using the DPPH method, and α-glucosidase inhibition assay using pNPG substrate. The supernatant of the endophytic bacterial culture was tested to determine the percentage of inhibition against DPPH radicals and α-glucosidase enzyme. Results: The results showed that endophytic bacterial isolate code P8 exhibited 75% antioxidant activity and 97% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolate P8 was higher than that of the positive control acarbose (81%). Conclusion: Endophytic bacterial isolate P8 from fragrant pandan leaves has potential as a source of natural antidiabetic bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and potentially minimal side effects.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase merupakan salah satu strategi pengendalian kadar glukosa darah. Bakteri endofit dari daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibitor α-glukosidase. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri endofit dari daun pandan wangi serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dari supernatan kultur isolat bakteri endofit tersebut sebagai kandidat antidiabetes alami. Metode: Penelitian ini meliputi karakterisasi isolat bakteri endofit, uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, serta uji penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase menggunakan substrat pNPG. Supernatan kultur isolat bakteri endofit diuji untuk menentukan persentase inhibisi terhadap radikal DPPH dan enzim α-glukosidase. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit kode P8 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 75% dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase sebesar 97%. Aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase isolat P8 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol positif akarbosa (81%). Kesimpulan: Isolat bakteri endofit P8 dari daun pandan wangi berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif antidiabetes alami dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibitor α-glukosidase yang kuat, serta berpotensi memiliki efek samping yang minimal.