Formulation of Transdermal Patch Nanoemulgel of Dadap Serep Leaves (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.) and Sand Ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) as Candidate Herbal Lactagogum Based on Usadha / Formulasi Transdermal Patch Nanoemulgel Ekstrak Dadap Serep (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.) dan Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) sebagai Kandidat Laktagogum Herbal Berbasis Usadha

Traditional Usadha-based herbal lactagogues, such as Erythrina subumbrans and Kaempferia galanga, are used by lactating mothers; however, their delivery in practical, standardized forms is limited. This study aimed to formulate a nanoemulgel transdermal patch containing E. subumbrans extract and K. galanga extract, evaluate its physicochemical properties, and assess its safety for skin irritation as a potential herbal lactagogue. Extracts of E. subumbrans and K. galanga were added to the nanoemulsion base. The nanoemulsions were incorporated into HPMC/PVP-based transdermal patch matrices by solvent casting. The resulting patches were evaluated for physicochemical properties and tested for skin irritation. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids in both extracts. The total flavonoid contents were 47.44 mg QE/g for E. subumbrans and 36.79 mg QE/g for K. galanga. The nanoemulsion exhibited greater than 90% transmittance, mean droplet size of 7.79 nm, and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.193. The patches met acceptable physical criteria, including a thickness of 0.20 mm, weight variation with %CV less than 10%, and folding endurance over 300. pH values ranged from 6.00 to 6.58. In a human patch test, no erythema or edema was observed; only mild pruritus (mean = 0.2) was reported in two participants. The formulated nanoemulgel transdermal patches demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties and were non-irritating. These patches show potential as a herbal lactagogue delivery system; further studies on lactation  efficacy and long-term stability are recommended.

Rendahnya capaian ASI eksklusif di Bali disebabkan oleh terhambatnya produksi ASI oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya pembengkakan payudara. Penggunaan pelancar ASI (laktagogum) herbal berbasis Usadha diterapkan secara luas, namun bentuk dan standar penggunaannya belum optimal. Potensi aktivitas laktagogum pada ekstrak daun Erythrina subumbrans dan rimpang Kaempferia galanga perlu diaplikasikan pada pengembangan sediaan topikal herbal nanoteknologi yang praktis digunakan, memiliki manfaat terapeutik maksimal dengan efek samping minimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan patch nano-emulgel transdermal yang mengandung ekstrak E. subumbrans dan K. galanga, mengevaluasi kualitas fisik, stabilitas, dan keamanannya sebagai laktagogum herbal. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui maserasi, kandungan fitokimia dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Ekstrak ditambahkan pada basis nanoemulsi, dikarakterisasi berdasarkan parameter transmitansi, ukuran partikel, dan indeks polidispersitas. Nanoemulsi diformulasikan dalam matriks patch berbasis HPMC/PVP melalui metode casting pelarut. Patch diuji untuk sifat organoleptik, karakter fisikokimia, dan uji iritasi dengan metode human patch test. Terdapat flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, saponin, dan alkaloid pada kedua ekstrak. Kandungan flavonoid total E. subumbrans dan K. galanga sebesar 47,44 mg QE/g dan 36,79 mg QE/g. Nanoemulsi menunjukkan transmitansi > 90 %, ukuran partikel rata-rata 7,79 nm, dan PDI 0,193. Patch memenuhi standar mutu fisik (ketebalan 0,20 mm, variasi berat <10 %, ketahanan lipat >300) dengan pH 6,00–6,58. Pada uji iritasi kulit, tidak ditemukan eritema, edema, atau sensasi terbakar, hanya pruritus ringan (rerata = 0,2). Patch nanoemulgel transdermal ekstrak E. subumbrans dan K. galanga memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik dan aman untuk aplikasi topikal, serta berpotensi menjadi sistem penghantaran laktagogum herbal modern.