Evaluation of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in the Treatment of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with ARI in Banjarmasin. / Evaluasi Potensi Interaksi Obat pada Pengobatan Pasien ISPA Anak Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Kota Banjarmasin.

Introduction: Drug interactions represent a clinically significant drug-related problem that may compromise therapeutic efficacy and increase the risk of adverse events. In pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs), the use of multiple medications is common, potentially elevating the likelihood of drug interactions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential drug–drug interactions in hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with ARIs in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data retrieved from the Hospital Management Information System. All medication regimens administered to pediatric inpatients with ARIs from January to June 2024 were analyzed. Drug interaction screening was performed using the Drugs.com Interaction Checker application. Results: Among 81 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 7 patients (8.64%) received treatment regimens with potential drug–drug interactions, accounting for a total of 8 interaction events (mean 1.14 interactions per affected patient). All identified interactions were classified as moderate in severity. Pharmacodynamic interactions were predominant (87.50%), whereas pharmacokinetic mechanisms comprised the remaining 12.50%. The most frequently observed potential interaction was between gentamicin and ceftriaxone (62.50%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of potential drug interactions in this study was relatively low, their presence—particularly moderate-level pharmacodynamic interactions—warrants systematic clinical pharmacy monitoring to enhance patient safety and prevent undesirable clinical outcomes in pediatric ARI management.

Pendahuluan: Interaksi obat merupakan salah satu masalah terkait obat yang bermakna secara klinis karena dapat menurunkan efektivitas terapi serta meningkatkan risiko efek samping. Pada pasien anak dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA), penggunaan kombinasi obat sering dilakukan, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan kejadian interaksi obat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi interaksi obat pada pasien pediatrik rawat inap dengan diagnosis ISPA di Kota Banjarmasin. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder dari Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit. Seluruh regimen terapi pasien anak rawat inap dengan ISPA periode Januari–Juni 2024 dianalisis. Identifikasi potensi interaksi obat dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Drugs.com Interaction Checker. Hasil: Dari 81 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 7 pasien (8,64%) menerima regimen terapi dengan potensi interaksi obat, dengan total 8 kejadian interaksi (rata-rata 1,14 interaksi per pasien). Seluruh interaksi yang teridentifikasi berada pada kategori keparahan moderate. Mekanisme interaksi didominasi oleh interaksi farmakodinamik (87,50%), sedangkan sisanya bersifat farmakokinetik (12,50%). Pasangan obat yang paling sering berpotensi berinteraksi adalah gentamisin dan seftriakson (62,50%). Kesimpulan: Meskipun prevalensi potensi interaksi obat tergolong rendah, keberadaan interaksi—khususnya interaksi farmakodinamik tingkat moderate—memerlukan pemantauan farmasi klinik yang sistematis guna mendukung keselamatan pasien dan mencegah luaran klinis yang tidak diinginkan pada tata laksana ISPA pediatrik.