Formulation and Antioxidant Activity of Old Coconut Water Syrup (Cocos nucifera L) and Red Fruit Extract (Pandanus conoideus L) Using the DPPH Method / Formulasi Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Sirup Air Kelapa Tua (Cocos nucifera L) Dan Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus L) Dengan Metode DPPH

Background: Mature coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) has the potential as a health drink but is often discarded as waste. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) is an endemic plant of Papua that is rich in antioxidants. The combination of both is expected to produce a beneficial herbal syrup preparation. Objective: To formulate a combination syrup of mature coconut water and red fruit extract and to determine its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Methods: Red fruit extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening was performed on both ingredients. The syrup was prepared with the addition of sugar, citric acid, vanilla, and CMC. Physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and clarity tests. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method at a wavelength of 517 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that mature coconut water contains alkaloids, while red fruit extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The syrup evaluation met SNI requirements: organoleptic (reddish-orange color, characteristic odor, sweet taste), homogeneous, pH 5–6, viscosity 250 mPa·s, and clear. The IC50 values of the syrup in three consecutive replicates were 550.34 μg/mL, 2282.3 μg/mL, and 2863.4 μg/mL, which are classified as weak antioxidant activity (IC50 > 200 ppm). Conclusion: The combination syrup of mature coconut water and red fruit extract exhibits weak antioxidant activity but meets the physical quality standards of the preparation. This preparation has the potential to be developed as a herbal health drink.

Latar Belakang: Air kelapa tua (Cocos nucifera L.) berpotensi sebagai minuman kesehatan namun sering menjadi limbah. Buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L.) adalah tanaman endemik Papua yang kaya antioksidan. Kombinasi keduanya diharapkan dapat menghasilkan sediaan sirup herbal yang bermanfaat. Tujuan: Memformulasikan sirup kombinasi air kelapa tua dan ekstrak buah merah serta mengetahui aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH. Metode: Ekstrak buah merah diperoleh dengan maserasi etanol 96%. Dilakukan skrining fitokimia pada kedua bahan. Sirup dibuat dengan tambahan gula, asam sitrat, vanila, dan CMC. Evaluasi fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, dan kejernihan. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH pada λ 517 nm menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil: Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan air kelapa tua mengandung alkaloid; ekstrak buah merah mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid. Evaluasi sirup memenuhi syarat SNI: organoleptik (warna oranye kemerahan, bau khas, rasa manis), homogen, pH 5–6, viskositas 250 mPa·s, dan jernih. Nilai IC50 sirup pada tiga replikasi berturut-turut adalah 550,34 μg/mL; 2282,3 μg/mL; dan 2863,4 μg/mL, yang tergolong aktivitas antioksidan lemah (IC50 > 200 ppm). Kesimpulan: Sirup kombinasi air kelapa tua dan ekstrak buah merah memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lemah namun memenuhi standar mutu fisik sediaan. Sediaan ini berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai minuman kesehatan herbal.