Protective roles of bromelain and flavonoids derived from pineapple peel against UV-induced skin cell damage: A systematic review / Peran protektif bromelain dan flavonoid dalam kulit nanas terhadap kerusakan sel kulit akibat paparan sinar UV: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant cause of skin cell damage through DNA damage, oxidative stress, and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Skin protection generally relies on sunscreens, but increasing interest in natural agents has driven the exploration of bioactive compounds derived from agricultural waste such as pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel. Pineapple peel contains flavonoids and bromelain with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective potential. This systematic review aims to assess the scientific evidence regarding the protective role of these compounds against UV-induced skin damage. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were in vitro, in vivo, and formulation studies evaluating the effects of pineapple peel extracts on skin damage parameters, including oxidative stress, cytokine modulation, antioxidant enzymes, and sun protection factor (SPF). Eight studies met the criteria. The results showed that formulations containing pineapple peel extract, such as creams, gels, lotions, or biocomposites demonstrated SPF ranging from low to ultra levels of protection. Flavonoids play a role in scavenging free radicals, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulating anti-inflammatory effects. Bromelain supports the viability of UV-exposed fibroblasts and enhances the effectiveness of synthetic sunscreens such as octyl methoxycinnamate. Pineapple peel shows strong potential as a source of natural active ingredients for photoprotection through the activity of flavonoids and bromelain. However, further research with standardized designs and clinical trials is needed before it can be applied in sustainable cosmetic and therapeutic formulations.

Paparan radiasi ultraviolet (UV) merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan sel kulit melalui mekanisme kerusakan DNA, stres oksidatif, dan aktivasi jalur inflamasi. Perlindungan kulit umumnya menggunakan tabir surya, namun meningkatnya minat terhadap agen alami mendorong eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif dari limbah pertanian, seperti kulit nanas (Ananas comosus). Limbah ini mengandung flavonoid dan bromelain yang memiliki potensi antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan fotoprotektif. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menilai bukti ilmiah mengenai peran protektif senyawa tersebut terhadap kerusakan kulit akibat UV. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar sesuai pedoman PRISMA. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian in vitro, in vivo, dan formulasi yang mengevaluasi efek kulit nanas terhadap parameter kerusakan kulit, termasuk stres oksidatif, modulasi sitokin, enzim antioksidan, dan nilai faktor perlindungan matahari (SPF). Delapan studi memenuhi kriteria. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formulasi yang mengandung ekstrak kulit nanas, seperti krim, gel, losion, atau biokomposit meningkatkan nilai SPF dari proteksi rendah hingga ultra. Flavonoid berperan dalam penetralan radikal bebas, pengurangan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS), dan modulasi efek antiinflamasi. Bromelain mendukung viabilitas sel fibroblas yang terpapar UV dan meningkatkan efektivitas tabir surya sintetis seperti octyl methoxycinnamate. Kulit nanas memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai sumber bahan aktif alami untuk fotoproteksi melalui efek flavonoid dan bromelain. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain yang terstandarisasi dan uji klinis diperlukan sebelum dapat diterapkan dalam formulasi kosmetik dan terapeutik berkelanjutan.