In Vitro Study : Antifungal Activity of Coffea canephora Peel and Leaf Extracts Against Candida albicans / Studi In Vitro : Aktivitas Antijamur Kulit Buah dan Daun Coffea canephora Terhadap Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a major cause of invasive candidiasis with high morbidity and mortality rates, and it has shown increasing resistance to antifungal agents. The objective of this research to evaluate the antifungal activity of Coffea canephora peel and leaf extract against Candida albicans in vitro by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Robusta coffee peel and leaves were extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening and antifungal activity testing using the broth dilution method. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic-tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids, while steroid were not detected. Based on the antifungal activity test conducted separately, both extracts had the same MIC value at a concentration of 12,5%. Statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference among treatment groups (p<0,05). The antifungal activity of the extract is presumed to be associated with phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and caffeine, which may act through disruption of cell membrane integrity and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. These finding suggest that Coffea canephora peel and leaf extract has the potential to be further developed as an antifungal agent, especially in topical formulations, but further toxicity tests and in vivo tests are required.

Candida albicans merupakan penyebab utama kandidiasis invasif dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi, serta menunjukkan peningkatan resistensi terhadap antifungal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur ekstrak kulit buah dan daun Coffea canephora terhadap Candida albicans secara in vitro dengan menentukan nilai Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Kulit buah dan daun kopi robusta diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antijamur dengan metode dilusi cair (broth dilution). Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan kedua ekstrak memiliki kandungan alkaloid, fenolik-tanin, flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid, namun negatif steroid. Berdasarkan uji aktivitas antijamur yang dilakukan secara terpisah, kedua ekstrak memiliki nilai MIC yang sama yaitu pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Analisis statistika menggunakan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan (p<0,05). Aktivitas antijamur ekstrak diduga berkaitan dengan kandungan senyawa fenolik, seperti asam klorogenat dan kafein, yang bekerja melalui mekanisme gangguan integritas membran sel dan sintesis ergosterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah dan daun Coffea canephora berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen antifungal, terutama dalam formulasi topikal, namun diperlukan uji toksisitas dan uji in vivo lebih lanjut.