Quality of Simplicia and Composition of Barangan Banana Peel (M. acuminata Colla) as Preventive Dental Material with Different Drying Methods / Mutu Simplisia dan Komposisi Kulit Pisang Barangan (M. acuminata Colla) Sebagai Bahan Dental Preventif Dengan Metode Pengeringan Berbeda

Background: The drying process in the preparation of herbal material affects the quality, chemical compound content, and mineral composition of herbal ingredients. Barangan banana peel (Musa acuminata Colla) has potential as a preventive dental agent due to its phytochemical and mineral content. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the simplicia quality (moisture content and total ash content) as well as the chemical compound and mineral composition of Barangan banana peel dried using two different methods. Methods: This was a qualitative analytical study. Cleaned and chopped Barangan banana peels were divided into two groups: oven-dried (OD; 60°C for 12 hours) and freeze-dried (FD; -65°C for 4 hours followed by 48 hours of freeze drying). The simplicia was ground using a ball mill (500 rpm for 6 hours). Moisture content was determined using the toluene method, while total ash content was measured by heating at 800°C. Identification of chemical compounds and minerals was performed using GC-MS and XRF, respectively. Results: Moisture content of the OD group was 9.23% and of the FD group was 7.11%; total ash content was 10.83% and 10.60%, respectively. Both met the standards of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (moisture content <10%, total ash content <15%). GC-MS identification revealed that the FD group exhibited a greater variety of chemical compounds (12 components) compared to the OD group (7 components). The highest mineral content in both groups was potassium (K), with magnesium (Mg) being higher in the OD group (15.32%) than in the FD group (9.95%). Conclusion: The drying method affects the quality and composition of Barangan banana peel. Freeze drying resulted in lower moisture content and greater phytochemical diversity, whereas oven drying tended to preserve higher mineral content for certain elements. The simplicia of Barangan banana peel from both methods has potential to be developed as a preventive dental material.

Latar Belakang: Proses pengeringan dalam pembuatan simplisia mempengaruhi mutu, kandungan senyawa kimia, dan mineral bahan herbal. Kulit pisang Barangan (Musa acuminata Colla) berpotensi sebagai agen dental preventif karena kandungan fitokimia dan mineralnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mutu simplisia (kadar air dan kadar abu total) serta komposisi senyawa kimia dan mineral kulit pisang Barangan yang dikeringkan dengan dua metode berbeda. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analisis kualitatif. Kulit pisang Barangan yang telah dibersihkan dan dicacah dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: pengeringan oven (60°C, 12 jam) dan pengeringan beku (freeze drying; -65°C selama 4 jam dilanjutkan 48 jam). Simplisia dihaluskan dengan ball mill (500 rpm, 6 jam). Kadar air diuji dengan metode toluena, kadar abu total dengan pemanasan 800°C. Identifikasi senyawa kimia dan mineral dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS dan XRF. Hasil: Kadar air kelompok oven (OD) sebesar 9,23% dan kelompok freeze drying (FD) sebesar 7,11%; kadar abu total masing-masing 10,83% dan 10,60%. Keduanya memenuhi standar Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (kadar air <10%, kadar abu total <15%). Identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan kelompok FD memiliki variasi senyawa kimia lebih banyak (12 komponen) dibandingkan OD (7 komponen). Kandungan mineral tertinggi pada kedua kelompok adalah kalium (K), dengan magnesium (Mg) lebih tinggi pada OD (15,32%) dibandingkan FD (9,95%). Kesimpulan: Metode pengeringan berpengaruh terhadap mutu dan komposisi kulit pisang Barangan. Freeze drying menghasilkan kadar air lebih rendah dan variasi fitokimia lebih banyak, sedangkan pengeringan oven cenderung mempertahankan mineral lebih tinggi pada beberapa unsur. Simplisia kulit pisang Barangan dari kedua metode berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan dental preventif.