Hubungan Kadar Enzim Alkaline Phosphatase Dengan Kejadian Enamel Defect Gigi Permanen pada Anak / The Relationship Between Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Levels and the Incidence of Enamel Defects in Permanent Teeth in Children

Enamel gigi merupakan jaringan yang paling keras yang ada di dalam tubuh manusia yang dibentuk oleh interaksi antara protein matriks dan enzim, terkhusus kadar enzim alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Gangguan dalam regulasi atau aktivitas ALP dapat menyebabkan mineralisasi enamel yang tidak tepat dan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) pada gigi permanen. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan kadar enzim ALP dengan kejadian DDE pada anak. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children divided into two groups: normal enamel and DDE. Pemeriksaan enamel gigi menggunakan modified DDE index. Saliva dianalsis dengan metode Kolorimetrik secara duplo. Analisa statistic menggunakan Mann-Whitney test dengan hasil signifikan ketika p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar ALP rata-rata pada kelompok enamel normal  lebih rendah [5,90 (1,38 – 27,82) mg/mL] dibandingkan dengan kelompok DDE [7,76 (0,13-11,89) mg/mL] dengan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p > 0,05).  Berdasarkan temuan ini, kadar ALP dalam saliva tidak memiliki hubungan langsung yang kuat dengan DDE, sehingga potensinya sebagai biomarker tunggal untuk deteksi dini DDE terbatas.

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, formed by the interaction of matrix proteins and enzymes, particularly alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Disturbances in the regulation or activity of ALP can lead to enamel mineralization. which is not appropriate and increases the risk of Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) in permanent teeth. This study aims to analyze the relationship between ALP enzyme levels and the incidence of DDE in children. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children divided into two groups: normal enamel and DDE. Enamel condition was assessed using a modified DDE index. Saliva samples were analyzed using the Colorimetric method in duplicate to measure the enzyme ALP levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Findings of this study is average ALP levels in the normal enamel group were lower [ 5,90 (1,38 – 27,82) mg/mL] compared to the DDE group [ 7,76 (0,13-11,89) mg/mL], with an insignificant difference (p > 0,05). Based on this finding, salivary ALP levels do not show a strong direct association with DDE; therefore, its potential as a single biomarker for the early detection of DDE is limited.