Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Parenting for Pregnant (MBCP) Interventions on Maternal Psychological Well-being: A Systematic Review / Efektivitas Intervensi Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Parenting (MBCP) bagi Ibu Hamil terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ibu: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis

Background: Pregnancy is a critical life stage characterized by physiological and psychosocial changes that increase vulnerability to mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and fear of childbirth. Objective: To identify Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) as an intervention for reducing depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of childbirth, as well as enhancing prenatal attachment. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines to analyze and present findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pregnant women who received MBCP or other mindfulness-based interventions during pregnancy and reported outcomes related to mental health or prenatal attachment. Studies published in English between 2020 and 2025 were considered. Observational studies, reviews, and research without relevant outcomes were excluded. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, and ClinicalKey. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs. Due to heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes, meta-analysis was not feasible. A narrative synthesis was performed by summarizing study characteristics and thematically grouping results. Results: Ten RCTs (N=907) consistently demonstrated reductions in depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of childbirth, as well as improvements in prenatal attachment. Conclusion: MBCP interventions are effective in enhancing maternal psychological health and reducing fear of childbirth, with potential benefits for both mother and infant. Integration of MBCP into antenatal care and cultural adaptation is recommended. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and implementation strategies across diverse contexts.

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan tahap kehidupan kritis yang ditandai dengan perubahan fisiologis dan psikososial yang meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap gangguan kesehatan mental seperti depresi, kecemasan, dan rasa takut akan persalinan. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) sebagai intervensi dalam menurunkan depresi, kecemasan, stres, dan rasa takut akan persalinan, serta meningkatkan ikatan prenatal. Metode: Tinjauan sistematis ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA untuk menganalisis dan menyajikan temuan dari uji coba terkontrol acak (RCT) yang melibatkan ibu hamil yang menerima MBCP atau intervensi berbasis kesadaran (mindfulness) lainnya selama kehamilan dan melaporkan hasil terkait kesehatan mental atau ikatan prenatal. Studi yang dipublikasikan dalam bahasa Inggris antara tahun 2020 dan 2025 dipertimbangkan. Studi observasional, tinjauan, dan penelitian tanpa hasil yang relevan dikeluarkan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan di PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, dan ClinicalKey. Kualitas metodologi dinilai menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist untuk RCT. Karena adanya heterogenitas dalam intervensi dan hasil pengukuran, meta-analisis tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan. Sintesis naratif dilakukan dengan merangkum karakteristik studi dan mengelompokkan hasil secara tematik. Hasil: Sepuluh RCT (N=907) secara konsisten menunjukkan penurunan depresi, kecemasan, stres, dan rasa takut akan persalinan, serta peningkatan ikatan prenatal. Kesimpulan: Intervensi MBCP efektif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan psikologis ibu dan mengurangi rasa takut akan persalinan, dengan potensi manfaat bagi ibu dan bayi. Integrasi MBCP ke dalam perawatan antenatal dan adaptasi budaya sangat disarankan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi hasil jangka panjang, efektivitas biaya, dan strategi implementasi di berbagai konteks yang beragam.