The Effect of Pineapple Leaf Extract on the Growth of Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur in Herbal Shampo Formulations / Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Nanas Terhadap Pertumbuhann Candida albicans Dan Malassezia furfur Dalam Bentuk Sediaan Shampo Herbal

Background: Dandruff is a common scalp problem often caused by the overgrowth of fungi such as Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. Pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) are known to contain active antifungal compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, making them a potential active ingredient for anti-dandruff preparations. Objective: This study aimed to formulate an herbal anti-dandruff shampoo using pineapple leaf ethanol extract and to evaluate its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. Methods: This experimental research used the disc diffusion method with PDA and SDA media to test antifungal inhibition. The shampoo preparations were formulated with varying extract concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%). The evaluation of the preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, foam height, viscosity, stability (cycling test), skin irritation, and hedonic tests. Results: The resulting shampoo preparation had a blackish-brown color, liquid form, and a menthol odor. Evaluation results showed the preparation was homogeneous, with pH values (5.0-5.8), foam height, and viscosity meeting the requirements. The preparation was also stable during the cycling test and did not cause irritation. The antifungal activity test showed that increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibitory power. The formula with a 30% concentration (F3) provided the greatest inhibition against Candida albicans (average 15.76 mm) and Malassezia furfur (average 15.9 mm), which is categorized as strong. Conclusion: Pineapple leaf ethanol extract was successfully formulated into an effective herbal anti-dandruff shampoo preparation, with the 30% concentration being the most optimal. It is recommended that further research investigate the antifungal activity of this extract against other types of fungi and in different dosage forms.

Latar Belakang: Ketombe merupakan masalah umum pada kulit kepala yang sering disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan berlebih jamur seperti Candida albicans dan Malassezia furfur. Daun nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif antijamur, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif sediaan antiketombe. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan shampo herbal antiketombe menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun nanas serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans dan Malassezia furfur. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan media PDA dan SDA untuk menguji daya hambat antijamur. Sediaan shampo diformulasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak (10%, 20%, 30%). Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa, viskositas, stabilitas (cycling test), iritasi kulit, dan uji hedonik. Hasil: Sediaan shampo yang dihasilkan memiliki warna cokelat kehitaman, berbentuk cair, dan berbau menthol. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan sediaan homogen, dengan nilai pH (5,0-5,8), tinggi busa, dan viskositas yang memenuhi syarat. Sediaan juga stabil selama cycling test dan tidak menimbulkan iritasi. Uji aktivitas antijamur menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak meningkatkan daya hambat. Formula dengan konsentrasi 30% (F3) memberikan daya hambat terbesar terhadap Candida albicans (rata-rata 15,76 mm) dan Malassezia furfur (rata-rata 15,9 mm), yang dikategorikan kuat. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun nanas berhasil diformulasikan menjadi sediaan shampo herbal antiketombe yang efektif, dengan konsentrasi 30% sebagai konsentrasi paling optimal. Disarankan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengkaji aktivitas antijamur ekstrak ini terhadap jenis jamur lain dan dalam bentuk sediaan yang berbeda.