Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) Extract Gel: Formulation and Effectiveness against Microsporum canis / Gel Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.): Formulasi dan Efektivitas terhadap Microsporum canis

Soursop (Annona muricata  L.) leaves contain genistein, steroids, and coumarins, which exhibit potential as natural antifungal agents against Microsporum canis, the causative agent of ringworm. This study aimed to formulate a soursop leaf extract gel using Na-CMC and carbopol 940 as gelling agents, optimized through the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) with DE version 13, and to evaluate its physical characteristics and antifungal activity. Extraction was carried out by maceration with 96% ethanol. The optimum formula was obtained with 4.3% Na-CMC and 1.7% carbopol 940. The optimized gel exhibited homogeneous texture, characteristic soursop odor, greenish-brown semi-solid appearance, pH of 6.56 ± 0.17, viscosity of 326 ± 16.73 dPas, spreadability of 3.96 ± 0.43 cm², and adhesiveness of 1.58 ± 0.71 seconds. Antifungal testing using the well diffusion method showed an inhibition zone of 15.33 mm, classified as strong activity. ANOVA analysis revealed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating significant differences among the positive control, negative control, optimized gel, and soursop leaf extract. The antifungal activity of the optimum formula was not significantly different from that of the soursop leaf extract (p = 0.795). These results indicate the potential of soursop leaf extract gel as an effective antifungal alternative.

Daun sirsak (Annona muricata  L.) mengandung senyawa genistein, steroid, dan kumarin yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antijamur alami terhadap Microsporum canis, patogen penyebab ringworm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi gel ekstrak daun sirsak menggunakan kombinasi Na-CMC dan carbopol 940 sebagai bahan pembentuk gel, dengan optimasi menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) melalui perangkat lunak DE versi 13. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Formula optimal diperoleh pada konsentrasi Na-CMC 4,3% dan carbopol 940 1,7%. Gel yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik tekstur homogen, aroma khas daun sirsak, warna semi padat coklat kehijauan, pH 6,56 ± 0,17, viskositas 326 ± 16,73 dPas, daya sebar 3,96 ± 0,43 cm², serta adhesivitas 1,58 ± 0,71 detik. Pengujian aktivitas antijamur dengan metode difusi sumur menunjukkan zona hambat sebesar 15,33 mm, tergolong aktivitas kuat. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 (< 0,05), mengindikasikan perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, gel optimal, dan ekstrak daun sirsak. Aktivitas antijamur formula optimum tidak berbeda bermakna dengan ekstrak daun sirsak (p=0,795). Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi gel ekstrak daun sirsak sebagai alternatif antijamur yang efektif.