The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Etlingera comosa Leaves on Blood Glucose Level Reduction and Pancreatic Histopathology in Male White Rats / Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Etlingera comosa terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus putih jantan

Etlingera comosa is a unique and newly discovered endemic plant species from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, specifically originating from Tentena. Plants belonging to the Etlingera genus have been reported to possess considerable potential as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of E. comosa on blood glucose reduction and pancreatic histopathological changes in male white rats. A completely randomized design with a one-way treatment pattern was employed. Thirty male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5 per group): normal control, positive control, negative control, and treatment groups receiving E. comosa ethanol extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). All groups, except the normal control, were induced with streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer, while pancreatic histopathological damage was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results demonstrated significant differences in blood glucose levels throughout the treatment period, as well as significant differences in pancreatic histopathological damage scores among the experimental groups. Administration of the ethanol extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW produced a hypoglycemic effect that was not significantly different from the positive control (p > 0.05) but was significantly different from the negative control (p < 0.05). Similarly, the pancreatic damage score in the 400 mg/kg BW group was comparable to the positive control and significantly improved compared with the negative control. These findings indicate that the ethanol extract of E. comosa effectively reduces blood glucose levels and ameliorates pancreatic histopathological damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with the most effective dose being 400 mg/kg BW.

Etlingera comosa merupakan jenis tanaman endemik Sulawesi Tengah yang unik dan baru ditemukan yang berasal dari Tentena, Sulawesi Tengah. Tanaman dengan genus Etlingera merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol E. comosa terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus putih jantan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan acak lengkap pola searah. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan tikus putih Jantan (Rattus norvergicus) sebanyak 30 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok (masing-masing 5 ekor tikus) yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB dan ekstrak 200 mg/KgBB dan ekstrak 400 mg/kgBB. Semua kelompok diberi streptozotocin kecuali kontrol normal. Pengukuran kadar glukosa menggunakan alat glukometer dan kerusakan histopatologi pankreas diamati dengan metode pewarnaan HE. Hasil penelitian terhadap kadar glukosa darah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan setiap minggunya, begitu pun dengan hasil skoring kerusakan pankreas. Pemberian ekstrak dosis 400 mg/kgBB menunjukkan efek yang tidak berbeda signifikan dibandingkan kontrol positif (p>0,05) namun berbeda signifikan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p<0,05) pada penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan skor kerusakan pankreas sehingga dapat disimpulkan pemberian ekstrak etanol E. comosa memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan skor kerusakan pankreas dengan dosis yang efektif adalah dosis 400 mg/kgBB