Determination of Total Flavonoid Content from the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method / Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis

Background: The use of plants as traditional medicine is supported by their bioactive compounds, particularly secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are known to be rich in these compounds; however, quantitative data, especially in specific fractions, remain limited. Determining the total flavonoid content is essential for the standardization of herbal raw materials. Objective: This study aimed to identify the classes of chemical compounds present in the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of soursop leaves and to determine the total flavonoid content of both samples. Methods: Soursop leaf simplicia was extracted using 70% ethanol by the maceration method. The resulting ethanol extract was then fractionated with ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify compound classes, while the determination of total flavonoid content was quantitatively analyzed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with quercetin as the standard. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that both the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content obtained in the ethanol extract was 31.524 ± 0.1524 mg QE/g, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed a significantly higher content of 41.425 ± 0.1363 mg QE/g. Conclusion: Fractionation with ethyl acetate effectively concentrated flavonoid compounds from the crude soursop leaf extract, as indicated by the higher total flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate fraction. These findings support the potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of soursop leaves as a source of flavonoids for the development of standardized herbal medicines.

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional didukung oleh kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya, khususnya metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dikenal kaya akan senyawa tersebut, namun data kuantitatif khususnya pada fraksi spesifik masih terbatas. Penentuan kadar flavonoid total penting untuk standardisasi bahan baku herbal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dalam ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak serta menentukan kadar flavonoid total dari kedua sampel tersebut. Metode: Simplisia daun sirsak diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% melalui metode maserasi. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh kemudian difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Identifikasi golongan senyawa dilakukan melalui skrining fitokimia, sedangkan penetapan kadar flavonoid total dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan kuersetin sebagai standar. Hasil: Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Kadar flavonoid total yang diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol adalah 31,524 ± 0,1524 mg QE/g, sedangkan pada fraksi etil asetat significantly lebih tinggi, yaitu 41,425 ± 0,1363 mg QE/g. Kesimpulan: Fraksinasi dengan etil asetat efektif dalam memekatkan senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak kasar daun sirsak, yang ditunjukkan oleh kadar flavonoid total fraksi etil asetat yang lebih tinggi. Hasil ini mendukung potensi fraksi etil asetat daun sirsak sebagai sumber senyawa flavonoid untuk pengembangan obat herbal terstandar.