Formulation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposite with Ciprofloxacin Addition as a Wound Dressing / Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanokomposit Polyvinyl alkohol-Na CMC dengan Penambahan Antibiotik Ciprofloxacin sebagai Balutan Luka Wound Dressing

Background: Ineffective wound care and bacterial infections are among the major barriers to optimal wound healing. Conventional wound dressing often fail to maintain proper moisture and lack antimicrobial activity, requiring the development of more advanced alternatives. Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a modern nanocomposite-based wound dressing system combining PVA, Na-CMC, and ciprofloxacin as a local antibacterial agent. Methods: Nanocomposite films were formulated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), and ciprofloxacin. Three formulas were developed with varying concentrations of PVA and Na-CMC. The formulations were evaluated through surface morphology analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), swelling test, biodegradation, mechanical strength, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and ciprofloxacin entrapment efficiency. Results: The formula with the highest Na-CMC content showed the best performance, with the largest pore size (52.74 nm), the highest swelling ratio (432.13%), the widest inhibition zone (3.65 ± 0.05 mm), and the highest entrapment efficiency of ciprofloxacin (91.95%). Conclusion: The developed nanocomposite film exhibits favorable physical and biological characteristics, supporting its potential use as a modern wound dressing to accelerate healing and prevent bacterial infections.

Latar Belakang: Perawatan luka yang tidak optimal serta infeksi bakteri merupakan hambatan utama dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Pembalut luka konvensional sering kali tidak mampu mempertahankan kelembaban optimal dan tidak memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, sehingga dibutuhkan inovasi pembalut luka yang lebih efektif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi sistem pembalut luka modern berbasis nanokomposit yang mengombinasikan polimer PVA, Na-CMC, dan ciprofloxacin sebagai agen antibakteri lokal. Metode: Film nanokomposit diformulasi menggunakan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (Na-CMC), serta ciprofloxacin sebagai agen antibakteri lokal. Tiga formula dikembangkan dengan variasi konsentrasi PVA dan Na-CMC. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui uji morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), swelling, biodegradasi, kekuatan mekanik, aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, serta efisiensi penjerapan ciprofloxacin. Hasil Penelitian: Formula dengan kandungan Na-CMC tertinggi menunjukkan kinerja terbaik, ditunjukkan dengan ukuran pori terbesar (52,74 nm), swelling tertinggi (432,13%), zona hambat antibakteri terluas (3,65 ± 0,05 mm), serta entrapment efficiency ciprofloxacin tertinggi (91,95%). Kesimpulan: Film nanokomposit yang dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik fisik dan aktivitas biologis yang mendukung potensinya sebagai wound dressing untuk mempercepat penyembuhan dan mencegah infeksi bakteri.