Antibacterial Activity Test of Gel Spray Preparation of Ethanol Extraxt of Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodes) Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetic Wound Infections / The Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Semprot Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodes) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Pada Luka Infeksi Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that impairs wound healing. Wounds in diabetic patients tend to heal slowly due to high blood glucose levels that disrupt immune function and blood circulation. Long-term antibiotic use may lead to resistance, necessitating natural antibacterial alternatives such as sintrong leaves (Crassocephalum crepidioides), which contain flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins with antibacterial activity. The ethanol extract of sintrong leaves was formulated into a spray gel for its advantages in wound application, including ease of use, sterility, and good penetration ability. Objective: This study aimed to formulate sintrong leaf ethanol extract into a spray gel at various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), evaluate its physical stability, and test its antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Methods: Sintrong leaf extract was obtained through 96% ethanol maceration and formulated into a spray gel using Carbopol 940 as the base. Stability evaluation included organoleptic, viscosity, pH, drying time, and spray pattern tests. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Results: The spray gel exhibited good physical stability over 21 days of storage. Antibacterial testing showed inhibition zones with diameters of 8.05 mm (5%), 8.02 mm (10%), 8.44 mm (15%), and 9.57 mm (20%), indicating moderate effectiveness. The 20% concentration showed the highest inhibition, though lower than the positive control (1% clindamycin). Conclusion: Sintrong leaf ethanol extract can be formulated into a stable spray gel with antibacterial activity against S. aureus, demonstrating the highest efficacy at 20% concentration. This study presents a potential natural alternative for diabetic wound infection treatment.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan kelainan metabolik yang menyebabkan gangguan penyembuhan luka. Luka pada penderita diabetes cenderung sulit sembuh akibat kadar glukosa darah tinggi yang mengganggu sistem imun dan sirkulasi darah. Penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan resistensi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif antibakteri alami seperti daun sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides), yang mengandung flavonoid, polifenol, saponin, dan tanin dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Formulasi ekstrak daun sintrong dalam sediaan gel semprot dipilih karena memberikan keunggulan dalam aplikasi pada luka, termasuk kemudahan penggunaan, sterilitas, dan kemampuan penetrasi yang baik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasi ekstrak etanol daun sintrong menjadi sediaan gel semprot dengan variasi konsentrasi (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), mengevaluasi stabilitas fisik, serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap S. aureus. Metode: Ekstrak daun sintrong diperoleh melalui maserasi etanol 96%, kemudian diformulasikan menjadi gel semprot dengan basis Carbopol 940. Evaluasi stabilitas meliputi uji organoleptik, viskositas, pH, waktu kering, dan pola semprot. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Hasil Penelitian: Gel semprot menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik selama 21 hari penyimpanan. Uji antibakteri menghasilkan zona hambat dengan diameter 8,05 mm (5%), 8,02 mm (10%), 8,44 mm (15%), dan 9,57 mm (20%), tergolong efektivitas sedang. Konsentrasi 20% memberikan efek penghambatan tertinggi, meskipun masih di bawah kontrol positif (klindamisin 1%). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun sintrong dapat diformulasikan sebagai gel semprot yang stabil dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus, dengan efektivitas tertinggi pada konsentrasi 20%. Penelitian ini memberikan alternatif potensial untuk pengobatan infeksi luka diabetik berbahan alam.