Difference in Hemoglobin Levels Among Adolescent Girls Based on Nutritional Status at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe / Perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri berdasarkan status gizi di SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe

Introduction: Anemia remains a global health problem with high prevalence among adolescent girls, particularly in developing countries. Nutritional status is suggested to play an important role in determining hemoglobin levels through mechanisms of iron deficiency and chronic inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in mean hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls based on nutritional status at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe. Methods: This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design involving 100 female students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a digital Hb meter, body weight using a digital scale, and height using a microtoise. Nutritional status was determined based on body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) using WHO AnthroPlus software. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Most respondents had normal nutritional status (64.0%), with the highest mean hemoglobin level found in the normal nutritional status group (13.030 g/dL) compared to the undernutrition (10.667 g/dL) and overnutrition (11.993 g/dL) groups. One-Way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0.000). Post hoc analysis showed significant differences between undernutrition and normal nutrition groups (p=0.001), as well as between normal nutrition and overnutrition groups (p=0.004). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels based on nutritional status among adolescent girls. Normal nutritional status is associated with better hemoglobin levels, suggesting that nutritional interventions and iron supplementation should be intensified particularly among adolescent girls with undernutrition and overnutrition.

Pendahuluan: Anemia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang prevalensinya tinggi pada remaja putri, terutama di negara berkembang. Status gizi diduga berperan penting dalam menentukan kadar hemoglobin melalui mekanisme defisiensi zat besi dan inflamasi kronis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri berdasarkan status gizi di SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang melibatkan 100 siswi yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling. Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dilakukan menggunakan Hb meter digital, berat badan dengan timbangan digital, dan tinggi badan dengan microtoise. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur (IMT/U) menggunakan aplikasi WHO AnthroPlus. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki status gizi baik (64,0%), dengan rerata kadar hemoglobin tertinggi pada kelompok status gizi baik (13,030 gr/dL) dibandingkan kelompok gizi kurang (10,667 gr/dL) dan gizi lebih (11,993 gr/dL). Hasil uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik (p=0,000). Uji lanjut mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok gizi kurang dengan gizi baik (p=0,001) serta gizi baik dengan gizi lebih (p=0,004). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar hemoglobin yang signifikan berdasarkan status gizi pada remaja putri. Status gizi baik berasosiasi dengan kadar hemoglobin yang lebih optimal, sehingga intervensi peningkatan status gizi dan suplementasi zat besi perlu diintensifkan pada remaja putri dengan status gizi kurang dan lebih.