Effectiveness Test of Acne Facial Wash Gel Containing Ethanol Extract of Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria / Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Facial Wash Acne Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) contain antimicrobial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which can damage bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and denature cellular proteins. This potential supports the development of a facial wash gel using jackfruit leaf extract as a natural antibacterial alternative. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a facial wash gel containing jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923. Methods: This experimental study included sample preparation, identification, extraction, phytochemical screening, and gel formulation evaluation (organoleptic test, homogeneity, spreadability, foam height, pH, irritation, and cycling test). Antibacterial activity was tested against S. aureus, with a positive control (Himalaya (Brand) Facial Wash) and a negative control (DMSO). Results: The extract yield was 11.26%, positively detecting flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The gel formulations (F1-F3) were semi-solid, dark green, and had a characteristic jackfruit leaf aroma, with a pH of 5–6. Homogeneity tests confirmed uniform consistency, with the highest foam height in F3 (3.7 cm) and optimal spreadability in F1-F2 (6 cm). No irritation was observed, and the gel remained stable in cycling tests. The antibacterial test showed the highest inhibition at 12% extract concentration (92.3%), while the formulated gel also effectively inhibited S. aureus growth. Conclusion: Jackfruit leaves can be successfully formulated into a stable and safe facial wash gel with effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Latar Belakang: Daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) mengandung senyawa antimikroba seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang mampu merusak membran sitoplasma dan mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri. Potensi ini mendasari pengembangan gel pembersih wajah berbasis ekstrak daun nangka sebagai alternatif antibakteri alami. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gel pembersih wajah dari ekstrak daun nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini meliputi tahap penyiapan sampel, identifikasi, ekstraksi, skrining fitokimia, serta evaluasi sediaan gel (uji organoleptik, homogenitas, daya sebar, tinggi busa, pH, iritasi, cycling test). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap S. aureus dengan kontrol positif (produk facial wash Himalaya) dan negatif (DMSO). Hasil Penelitian: Ekstrak daun nangka menghasilkan rendemen 11,26% dan positif mengandung flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, serta triterpenoid. Formula gel (F1-F3) memiliki bentuk setengah padat, warna hijau pekat, dan bau khas, dengan pH 5-6. Uji homogenitas menunjukkan keseragaman sediaan, tinggi busa tertinggi pada F3 (3,7 cm), dan daya sebar optimal pada F1-F2 (6 cm). Gel tidak menimbulkan iritasi dan stabil dalam cycling test. Uji antibakteri menunjukkan daya hambat ekstrak tertinggi pada konsentrasi 12% (92,3%), sementara sediaan gel juga efektif menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus. Kesimpulan: Daun nangka berhasil diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan facial wash gel yang stabil, aman, dan efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.