The effectiveness of Gracilaria sp. ethanol extract spray preparation as a repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes / Efektivitas sediaan spray ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp. sebagai penolak nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or commonly known as DHF is a disease that is transmitted through the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which carry the Dengue virus so that it can cause Extraordinary Events (KLB). Prevention of dengue fever is generally carried out using refills containing the chemical DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) which is dangerous for the skin. Gracilaria sp. It is known to contain compounds that are toxic to mosquitoes, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. This research aims to see the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent for Ae. aegypti, Effective Concentration 50% (EC50), irritating effects, and physical properties of the ethanol extract spray preparation of Gracilaria sp. The research was carried out with methodology in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation (WHOPES) using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The protective power provided by the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. analyzed using Oneway ANOVA, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Probit analysis was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract concentration of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent. The research results show that concentration levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% provide protective power capabilities of 14.40%, 31.81%, 47.76%, and 61.17% respectively with an EC50 value of 18.86%. The spray is homogeneous and does not cause skin irritation. Conclusion, spray preparations containing ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. potential as a repellent for Ae. aegypti. Using this repellent can help reduce the risk of dengue fever which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of Gracilaria sp. as a repellent with a concentration above 20% and an irritation test was carried out on > 10 probands for > 15 minutes by spraying the preparation repeatedly.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever atau biasa dikenal dengan DBD adalah penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina yang membawa virus Dengue sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Pencegahan DBD umumnya dilakukan menggunakan repalan dengan kandungan bahan kimia DEET (N,N-dietil-meta-toluamid) yang berbahaya bagi kulit. Gracilaria sp. diketahui mengandung senyawa yang bersifat racun bagi nyamuk, seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp. sebagai repelan Ae. aegypti, Effective Concentration 50% (EC50), efek iritasi, dan sifat fisik sediaan spray ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp.. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metodologi yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation (WHOPES) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Daya proteksi yang diberikan ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp. dianalisis menggunakan Oneway ANOVA, kemudian dilanjutkan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). Dilakukan analisis probit untuk mengetahui efektifitas konsentrasi ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp. sebagai repelan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% memberikan kemampuan daya proteksi berturut-turut sebesar 14,40%, 31,81%, 47,76%, dan 61,17% dengan nilai EC50 sebesar 18,86%. Spray bersifat homogen dan tidak  menyebabkan iritasi kulit. Kesimpulan, sediaan spray yang mengandung ekstrak etanol Gracilaria sp. memiliki efektivitas daya proteksi yang berpotensi sebagai repelan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penggunaan repelan ini dapat membantu dalam mengurasi risiko penyakit DBD yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Gracilaria sp. sebagai repelan dengan konsentrasi di atas 20% dan uji iritasi dilakukan pada >10 probandus selama >15 menit dengan penyemprotan sediaan secara berulang.