Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Renggak Leaf Extract (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) as an Antihyperuricemic in Mice / Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Sebagai Antihiperurisemia Pada Mencit

Background: Hyperuricemia, resulting from excessive uric acid levels, can trigger chronic inflammation and increase the risk of gout. Conventional therapies such as allopurinol are associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for natural alternatives. Renggak leaves (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.), an endemic plant from Lombok rich in flavonoids, have potential as xanthine oxidase inhibitors but remain underexplored. Objective: To evaluate the antihyperuricemic effect of renggak leaf extract in male white mice, determine the optimal dosage, and compare its efficacy with allopurinol. Methods: This study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. Hyperuricemia was induced using chicken liver juice administered for 14 days. The animals were divided into five groups: negative control (1% CMC-Na), positive control (allopurinol 10 mg/kg BW), and three extract-treated groups (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW), which received the extract for 21 days. Results: All extract doses significantly reduced uric acid levels (P < 0.05). The 500 mg/kg BW dose was the most effective (44.54% reduction), showing no significant difference compared to allopurinol (48.52%; p = 0.490). The effect is presumed to occur through xanthine oxidase inhibition by flavonoids. Conclusion: Renggak leaf extract, particularly at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW, shows potential as an alternative therapy for hyperuricemia with efficacy comparable to allopurinol. However, further studies such as toxicity tests, pharmacokinetic evaluations, and clinical trials are needed to validate its broader application.

Latar Belakang: Hiperurisemia, akibat kadar asam urat berlebihan, memicu peradangan kronis dan risiko gout. Terapi konvensional seperti allopurinol memiliki efek samping, sehingga perlu alternatif alami. Daun renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.), tumbuhan endemik Lombok yang kaya flavonoid, berpotensi sebagai inhibitor xanthine oxidase namun belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek antihiperurisemia ekstrak daun renggak pada mencit putih jantan, menentukan dosis optimal, serta membandingkan efektivitasnya dengan allopurinol. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group dengan induksi hiperurisemia menggunakan jus hati ayam selama 14 hari. Lima kelompok terdiri atas kontrol negatif (CMC-Na 1%), kontrol positif (allopurinol 10 mg/kgBB), dan tiga kelompok ekstrak (50, 250, 500 mg/kgBB) yang diberikan selama 21 hari. Hasil: Semua dosis ekstrak menurunkan asam urat secara signifikan (P < 0,05). Dosis 500 mg/kgBB paling efektif (penurunan 44,54%), tidak berbeda signifikan dengan allopurinol (48,52%; p = 0,490). Efek ini diduga melalui inhibisi xanthine oxidase oleh flavonoid. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun renggak, terutama pada dosis 500 mg/kgBB, berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif hiperurisemia dengan efektivitas yang setara dengan allopurinol. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan seperti uji toksisitas, farmakokinetik, dan uji klinis untuk validasi aplikasinya secara lebih luas.