Literature Review: Synthesis and Effectiveness Analysis Chalcone Compounds and Their Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents / Tinjauan Literatur: Analisis Sintesis dan Efektivitas Senyawa Kalkon serta Turunannya sebagai Agen Antibakteri

Chalcones are flavonoid compounds that have attracted attention in the development of antibacterial agents. This literature review aims to examine the synthesis and effectiveness of chalcone compounds and their derivatives as antibacterials. Through descriptive analysis, chalcone synthesis was carried out using several methods, one of which was the condensation between benzaldehyde and acetophenone, followed by structural modification to produce various chalcone derivatives. The antibacterial activity of chalcone compounds and their derivatives was tested against bacteria such as S. aureus, E. coli, B. substillis, and other types of bacteria. The results of the review of several literatures obtained online through Google, Google Scholar, and Publish or Perish were carried out using the keywords "Synthesis", "Chalcone", and "Antibacterial" with publications from the last 10 years (2014-2024) with a total of 8 references used. The study showed that changes in the structure of chalcones, such as the addition of hydroxyl and methoxy groups, can affect antibacterial activity. Some chalcone derivatives also showed promising antibacterial activity, although their effectiveness varied depending on the type of bacteria tested.

Kalkon merupakan senyawa flavonoid yang menarik perhatian dalam pengembangan agen antibakteri. Literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji analisis sintesis dan efektivitas senyawa kalkon dan turunannya sebagai antibakteri. Melalui analisis deskriptif sintesis kalkon dilakukan dengan beberapa metode salah satunya kondensasi antara benzaldehid dan asetofenon, diikuti dengan modifikasi struktur untuk menghasilkan berbagai turunan kalkon. Aktivitas antibakteri senyawa kalkon dan turunannya diuji terhadap bakteri seperti S. aureus, E. coli, B. substillis, dan jenis bakteri lainnya. Hasil kajian dari beberapa literatur yang diperoleh secara online melalui Google, Google Scholar, dan Publish or Perish dilakukan menggunakan kata kunci “Sintesis”, “Kalkon”, dan “Antibakteri” dengan publikasi 10 tahun terakhir (2014-2024) dengan total 8 referensi yang digunakan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan struktur kalkon, seperti penambahan gugus hidroksil dan metoksi, dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri. Beberapa turunan kalkon juga menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang menjanjikan, meskipun efektivitasnya bervariasi tergantung pada jenis bakteri yang diuji.